Calk



vJune 23, 1925. 1,542,960

A.C.REDDEN CAL K Filed Jan. 19, 1920 ny .5. ffy: 6.

INVENTOR //fred 6'. Rea/def? www@ ATTORNEY Patented .lune 23, 1925.

PATENT OFFICE.

ALFRED' c. nennen, or SEATTLE, WASHINGTON.

CALK. i

Application filed January i8, 1920. Serial No. 352,436.

To all whom imag/concern.'

Be it known, that I, ALFRED C. REDDEN, a citizen of the United States,residing 'at Seattle, Vin the county of King and'State of Vashington,have vinvented a Vcertain new and useful Improvement in C'alks, of whichthe 'following is a specification.

My invention relates to the art of calks yor the like.

As heretofore designed, calks have been objectionable in that they wouldpull out altogether when the leather became softened bywater, or incoming in contact with *I hard surfaces would be distorted inthe shoesole so as to protrude at an angle other than that desired. comfortableto the feet as no provision 1s made to distribute their upward thrustwhen` caused to strike hard surfaces.

Finally,ga very serious objection to calks in shoes and boots asheretofore provided obtains in that calks become rusty kreadily owing tothe exposure of the sole to water.

VThis rust on the calk which is in contact with the leather isinjurious, rust beingv a well known disintegrating agent as respectsleather, and operates to weaken the supporting leather about the calk soas tov interfere with the pro-per functioning o-f the calks.

The objects of my invention are: to pro-l vide av calk that will obviatethese objections; and that will be held firmly in the shoe solefand willmaintain its upright po-k sition; further, ,it is a primary object of myinvention to pro-vide a calk of such form that only such portions of thesupporting leather are put under compression as are unexposed andprotected. A primary object is to prevent injury to the leather arisingfrom the rusting of the calks, and thus to avoid weakening` thesupporting leather about the calk so that its proper functioning ispreserved. Also, I purpose pr-oviding-a calk with a boss disposed toutilize the greatest leverage possible which will serve to reinforce theparts maintaining the upright position of the calk, and at the same timebe of such small size as to not cause discomfort to the foot by itsupward thrust,

since it is my purpose to provide a calkv that will cause the upwardpressure to be distributed so that the foot is not injured by the upwardthrust of Vthe calks when striking against a hard surface, therebymaking it possible to make a calked shoe smooth inside. Providing a shoewith calks after lvloreover'suchcalks are unsaid shoe ismanufacturedrenders the por-.

tion next to the foot uneven not only by distorting the sole as a wholebut by causing the lleather to rise above each calk..

The above mentioned ygeneral objects of my invention together withothers inherent in the same are atta-ined by the mechanism illustratedin the following drawings, the same being merely a preferred exemplaryform of embodiment of my invention, thruout which drawings likereference numerals indicate like parts: Y

Figure 1 shows the sole of a shoe or boot provided with calks embodyingmy invention;

Figure 2 is a View in cross section on line 2, 2 of Fig. 1;

Figure 3 is a View in elevation of a preferred yform of calk embodyingmy invention; 'f

*Figure Ll. is a modified formk of calk em- I bodying my inventionwithout a boss;

Figure 5 is valso a modified formV of the same with a flat head; and-Figure 6 is a modified r'form of the same with a flat head without aboss.

A shank 7 of a calk embodying my invention is lprovided with a point 8with side In the preferred form of embodiment the heady lOis'formed withsloping or convex shoulders 15. In the modified forms, shown in Figs. 5and 6, the head 10 is formed with a flat surface 16.

In manufacturing,'an outsole layer 12 of leatherv or like material isprovided with the calk holes 13V in any arrangement desired. Calksembodying my invention are then inserted in the. prepared holes, andsuch outsole is then sewed or otherwise secured, as the bottom layer tothe middle sole or upper layers so as to form a unitary shoe or bootsole.

In practice, it is manifest that the sides 9 of the shank 7 adord a longbearing surface against which the walls 0f the prepared holes 13 intheoutsole 12 of the shoe sole can bear effectively in maintaining the calkin- CIK these sides .9 are parallel. The head 10 serves to keep the ealkfrom slipping out thru thehole 13 as well as distributing any upwardthrust over a considerable portion of the shoe sole.

Moreover, such head reinforces the walls of the hole 13 in maintainingthe oalk in uprightposition. rhe head manifestly forms a Compression ofthe leather fibers about said read whereby the head is partly able tomaint-ain the calk in an upright position. The compressed fibers arethus within the shoe sole and are not exposed to the Wear and strains towhich the outside surfaces are subject. rfhus the objectionable eect ofthe shrinking ofthe leather upon drying and its loosening aftervbecoming wet is eliminated. The convex cap o r head also isadventag-eousV in affording a taperedl edge so that sharp edges whichwould be subjeet to cutting the leather are avoidable but also suchtapering edge makes it possible for the sole to embrace the calk withoutraising an objectionable small convex surfaee above each calk. The boss11 pierces the slips'ole or inner layer 14 of the shoe sole and therebyutilizes the greatest possible leverage (the 'walls of the hole 13`functioning as a fuloruin) in cooperating in i maintaining the said ealkin an upright position.

The middle sole 14 is preferably soaked and specially preparedin leatherpreserving and rust resisting oil. The calks with their broad headsserve to press out this oil. In this wise, the middle sole functions asan oil reservoir and prevents the calks vfrom becoming rusty. In turn,this prevents the portion of the sole 'engaging the oalk from becomingdisintegrated and weakened, s o that the strength ofsaid leather ispreserved and the calk may therefore be relied upon to functionproperly. i

Moreover, it should be noted that the holes in the outersole are made ofsuch size with respect to the size of the shank of the calk that thatpart of the sole about the hole is not distorted and put undercompression Vstrains-the holding of the calk being perin f formed byitshead. The boss assists holding the calk in an -upright position.l'furthermore, it will be observed that this method of embracing thecalk, i. e., with holes of sueh size as to avoid compression of theleather and the axial position of the l boss, provides for a certainamount of yielding or movement on the part of the calk so that it. isthe better able lto sustain distorting effects without being dislodgedfrom its proper position permanently.

ln the modified forms, the head 1.0 would from the principle thereof,`the above setting forth only a preferred form of embodiment. Y

I claim- YAr shoe embodying an oil soaked middle Vsole, an outer solehaving 'holes punched therein, and a Vone pieoe calk disposed in saidholes, said ealk having -a shank with parallel sides, said holes beingof a size as compared to the size of said shank asto not distort andrputthe surrounding leather under compression, and a. head relativelyvmuch wider than the diameter of its shank, said head being disposedbetween said outer sole and said middle sole.

In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this thday of January,`A. D.,

ALFRED REDDEN.

